Document Type : Review articles
Author
Department of Surgery/Anesthesia, College of Medicine, University of Anbar, Ramadi, Anbar, Iraq
Abstract
The difficulty of early diagnosis, the proper anti-microbial chosen, and the relatively high morbidity and mortality; make us collect the related subjects to deal with the most critical complication (ventilator-associated pneumonia) showing the major points needed for every intensivist. Ventilator-associated pneumonia is considered the most common respiratory complication (infection) in intensive care unit patients. Ventilator-associated pneumonia can be defined as a hospital-acquired infection of the lung parenchyma that occurs after 2 days of mechanical ventilation. Its incidence is about 9-25% in intubated patients for more than 2 days. We could classify ventilator-associated pneumonia as early and late; the first one happened within four days of receiving mechanical ventilation, otherwise, the late onset occurred after day four. Some patients with hospital stays before intensive care unit admission and intubation are considered to have late ventilator-associated pneumonia regardless of the period of mechanical ventilation because those patients might have had pathogens previously (nosocomial). Severe ill patients, prolonged mechanical ventilation, and failed extubation trials (recurrent intubation) lead to the development of ventilator-associated pneumonia rapidly and aggressively. Furthermore,ventilator-associated pneumonia is attributed to prolonged hospitality as well as high morbidity and mortality. We aimed in this narrative review to discuss ventilator-associated pneumonia regarding the etiology, causative agents, risk factors, strategies for early diagnosis, accurate treatment, and optimal prevention protocols.
Keywords
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